Hydrocarbon oil burner



Sept. 25, 1928. 1,685,567

J. M. GEE

HYDROCARBON OIL BURNER Filed May 1925 .J'Mfj M 6::

ATTOMVEY Patented Sept. 25, 1928.

UNITED STATES PA-TENT: OFFICE. a

JAMES. M. armor CLEVELAND, omo;

' HYDROCABBON' 01L BURNER.

- Application filed. May 1,

The invention relates to improvementsin hydrocarbon oil burners, which when installed in the firebox of a furnace, stove, or boiler, utilize the natural draftcaused by 5 combustion to draw fresh air through a central opening above thegrate bars into the combustion chamber; and the objects of theimprovements are, first, to provide a means to "combine a current-of air with a spray of oil toforin a combustible mixture; second, to introduce combustible mixture to combustion chamber the instant mixture is affected third,

to eliminate clogging of oil supply pipes by reason of carboniz ation, by providing a means of distribution of oil wherein the oil pipe' shall not be subjected or exposed to heat'by I direct contact with fire; fourth, to provide a distributor which will reliably spread and confine the oil in the heated chamber of the distributor without coming in contact with flame heated metal, but becoming partially or completely vaporized before discharge into and absorption'by air current in the mixing chamber; fifth, to provide .a chamber for ill locity toward air intake passage; sixth, to s'ecure an air intake passage inducing greatest air velocity at point of reception by air current of oil vapor from distributor; velocity beingdesirable' that oil vapor may be held in formanve, each independently reacting to heart conditions, and each member so con-' t;ueted with relation to its work'that strain shall be constant throughout, and so assembled in relation toother members that no strains are intercon'imunicated;eighth, to provide a 4 sump and drainage channel to collect and dispose of surplus oil. i One form of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which Figure l is a view of the entire machine with a vertical section cut slightly pre-heating air to accelerate its vedownwardly extending annular flange 17 fit- 1925. Serial 170. 27,188.

out to show the l assembly;

Figure 2 is a bottom view of the inner cupola showing the distribution of the supporting legs; Figure 3-is atop view of the inner cupolaas it appears with the outer cupola removed; and Figure 4 1s a fragmentary enlarged top View of the inner cupola, showing particularly the oil entrance, the radiating'chamfe'red grooves, and the alternately disposed supports upon which the outer cupola "rests. i

The base 1 consists of a horizontal ring or a hollow cylinder, having the upper edge expanded and annularly groved forming a channel 2 for collecting overflow of surplus oil, the channel being tapped and drained by a connecting pipe 12. The drainage channel 2 and pipe 12 serve as an overflow for surplus fuel when the burner is cold. They are not necesary "when the burner has become .complet-ely heated. Superimposed on base .axis to an integral hollow cylindrical collar 5. The exterior junction of collar 5 and bed plate 3 being in a plane slightly elevated above the rim at perimeter 4 and having at the lower edge of bed plate 3 at perimeter 4 a ting loosely inside lip of channel 2 which serves to maintain bed plate 3 in co-axial alignment. Baflie plate 6 is a discular ring fitting. loosely outside collar 5 and resting on the upper surface of bedplate 3 at exterior junction of collar 5 and bed plate 3 having a slight downwardly curved surface,"approximately half the width of bed plate 3 and a clearance from bed plate 3 to under surface at exteriorperimeter to the average thickness of battle plate 6. s

Superimposed and axially concentric with collar 5 is erected a cupol'a 8 supported and maintained in axial alignment by a plurality of legs 7 extending from the lower surface to and resting on top edge ofcollar5 andjhaving small lugs 19 integral, extending down and,

. has substantially one-third greater horizontal fitting loosely inside top edge o'tcollar 5. The cupola 8 is so constructed that its lower surface centers on a longer radius than the radius than the outer perimeter of the collar 5.

The cupola 8 is forinedwithai'i integral boss 10 extending above and axiallyjconcentrie and is formed with a centrally drilled and. tapped orifice 11 and a plurality oi radiating .cihamfered grooves 14 extending: from the withthe cupola, which boss has a pl a ne top orifice 11 down to the bottom oi the boss,

port-ions 15 intermediate of the grooves .14 forming. a'series of supports on which rests an. outer cupola 9. This c'upola 9 envelopes the-cupola 8 and has a similarly tapered wall with surfaces shaving suiticien'tly greater radii to form "clearance area servingas a fuel channel between the grooves 14 and the discharge orifice 13 formed betweenthe lower peripheral edges of the cu .polas 8 and 9. The cupola 9 is mounted upon the cupola 8 through the m'e'diii'm of a hollow 1 l radialrecess 19 coeai zial with the boss 10 and of a'size permitting aloose fit outsidethe boss -10 and of a depth sufficient to maintain axial alignment of the cupola 9 and a proper clearance for the fuel channel andth'e discharge norifice 18; The space between the undersur- -;ed to a source of supply (notshown). 'l

faceof the cupola 9. and the upper surface of i r the cupola 8 forms a vaporizing chamber and 1 azdistributing outlet-which tapers in size from the oil orificell to'the discharge orifice 13.

lVhen operating the burner; oil is supplied to the grooves 14t iroi'ii theconduit 21 connect-- oil spreads in athinfilin over th-e upper sur face of the inner cup'ola 8; the outer cupola 9 becoming intensely heated by direct contact with the fire and thus radiating 'sufiicieiit heat into the vaporizing chamber tov raise the temperature of theoil filin'above the flash point.

WVhen the oil vapor is discharged through the oilorific'e 13 andis inixedwith air drawn t'roin theceiitral opening through the collar 5,

a highly volatile gas is formed whichburns with intense heat in the [ire box, with a greater or lessvolu'me depending upon the regi'ilationot the oil supply. The battle plate 6v 'iun'ctions first to deflect'the fire 16 away froin the bed plate?) at the point where excess heat would baffle plate assists easy starting by'catehing .and "retaining a film bf oil which is easily; ignited by kindling a fire in the depression of 7 the bed plate 3;4th irdly; this bathe plate acts as a generator until the cupola- 9 becomes suf-v yficientlyheated to start generating-in the Vt.-

v'porizing chamber. The bed plate 8 due to: its peculiar formation, serves first to al gn the any base 1', which,- f permitted, would tend to supportedmembers; second, to conduct heat to the chamberwhich is enclosed by itself and the base 1; third, starts and directs an upper current of air toward the central opening of the collar 5; and fourth, deflects and'prevents flame 16 from directly impinging on the fuse the base 1. This base 1 should rest level .onthegrate bars and any interstices between theenclosing ire box wall and the outer wall of base 1 slioiil'd be filled in with cement.

: --1 wisl to direct particular attention to the tapering channel formed between the cupolas 8 and 9 which tends to form a film of pii at the discharge orifice 13 instead of vaporizing the oil in the areainarked an: The comparative- -ly widei diameteroit the channel at theai'ea mr prevents overheating in th s area and hence prevents vaporizing in this area. The

result is at'ornizatio'n instead ofvaporizationn The device is in efiect adistribut'or or a dry burner instead fof a pan-burner. Due to the fact that the ring 1 and the bed'plate 3Iare looselyfit-ted the one to'the other thereare' no intercominunicating strains between the parts, the apparatus further being designed to over- 'coii'ie any tendency to warporcrack;

Iain aware that thos'e-skillridyiii the art have prior to my'inventiori made oil burners designedto; preheat'oil before mixing the air for combustion that theyhave drawn air through a central openingand used dornelike structures superimposed, to assistin 'air and oil-distribution, therefore I 'dfo not claim such tin-combination broadly; butiI claim:

1.1Aii oil burner comprising, aninner cupola an outer cupola mounted thereon and spaced therefrom to fdrinca fuel channel;

ineaiis forminga conduit adapted to furnish fuel to the inner end of said'channel; abed' xplate upon which sa-idiniier cupola is mounted; said bed plate comprisin'g'an annular member having a concave upper surface whose outer peripherahedge lies slightly belovs the horizontal plane containing the discharge end of said fuel channel; a discular IIIIQ loosely mounted upoii'the inner upper end of said bed plate and extending beyond the projected axisoi": thehdischarge orifices of. said. fuel chaniiel -.a "base ring formed with an. enlarged upper edge having an anniilarv recessasaid bed plate being formed with a "downwardlyextended outer peripheral flangeloosely depending in said recess; and a discharge pip-e communicating with the :bottohi ofsaid-recess, cause warping and cracking; secondly this a intake. eollarupon whichsaid inner cupola is mounted; a discularringloosely surrounding said collar. and eite idihg beyond the proected axis of tlied scharge orifice of said channel, said collar and the upper edge of said ring being disposed substantially in the same horizontal plane as the discharge orifice of said channel; and a bed plate 11 on which said collar is mounted, said ring eing concave-convex and having a slightly concave upper surface, and said bed plate having an upper surface of a sharper concavity so as to be increasingly spaced from the lower surface of said ring, the bed plate being extended outwardly substantially twice the distance of said ring and being spaced from the latter at the peripheral edge of the ring a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the ring. 7

7 JAMES M. GEE. 

